![]() ![]() Each element has a unique set of energy levels, and thus the transition from higher to lower energy levels produces X-rays with frequencies that are characteristic to each element. Outer-shell electrons then fall into the inner shell, emitting quantized photons with an energy level equivalent to the energy difference between the higher and lower states. ![]() After the electron has been ejected, the atom is left with a vacant energy level, also known as a core hole. When the incident particle strikes a bound electron (the target electron) in an atom, the target electron is ejected from the inner shell of the atom. Characteristic X-rays were discovered by Charles Glover Barkla in 1909, who later won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery in 1917.Ĭharacteristic X-rays are produced when an element is bombarded with high-energy particles, which can be photons, electrons or ions (such as protons). ![]() Characteristic X-rays are emitted when outer- shell electrons fill a vacancy in the inner shell of an atom, releasing X-rays in a pattern that is "characteristic" to each element. ![]()
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